The dass 21 is a 21 item self report questionnaire designed to measure the severity of a range of symptoms common to both depression and anxiety. The scoring of 21item requires the users to time 2 of total score 21. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed to assess the latent. The depression, anxiety, and stress scales with 21 items. Osman a1, wong jl, bagge cl, freedenthal s, gutierrez pm, lozano g. A special permission from the original author of dass peter lovinbond was also acquired before the commencement of this study. Each of the three dass21 scales contains 7 items, divided into subscales with similar content. The present study was conducted to assess the psychometric characteristics of the 21 item version of the depression, anxiety, and stress scales dass 21 among different racial groups. Below the form there are instructions on how to interpret the result as well as in which axis each of the questions belongs too.
Add up each row and enter the score into the available box d, a or s add up the each of the d, a and s columns. Dass depression and anxiety stress scale scoring s stress q1, 6, 8, 11, 12, 14, 18 a anxiety q2, 4, 7, 9, 15, 19, 20 d depression q3, 5, 10, 16, 17, 21 1. For the score interpretation, see the dass description. Validation of the depression, anxiety and stress scaledass. Record circled number on the line provided in the office use only columns next to the responses. Please read each statement and press a response that indicates how much the statement applied to you over the past week. Each of these is rated on a fourpoint likert scale of frequency or severity of the participants experiences over the last week with the intention of emphasising states over traits.
Scores obtained on the dass 21 will need to be multiplied by 2 to calculate the final score. Using the depression anxiety stress scale 21 dass21 across cultures. Using the depression anxiety stress scale 21 dass21 across cultures article pdf available in international journal of psychology 486 february 20 with 18,425 reads how we measure reads. Validation of dass21 among nursing and midwifery students in. Depression, anxiety, and stress are all negative feelings. The depression, anxiety and stress scale 21 items dass21 is a set of three. Statement did not apply to me at all applied to me to some degree or some of the time applied to me a considerable degree or a good part of the time applied to me very. Total dass21 scores as well as the dass subscale for depression were significantly. The depression anxiety stress scales dass21 was designed to measure the. For each of the below questions, please click on the box that best indicates how much the statement applied to you over the past week. Using the depression anxiety stress scale 21 dass 21 across cultures. Two of the 6 models had adequate fit using structural equation modeling. Each of the three dass 21 scales contains 7 items, divided into subscales with similar content.
The depression, anxiety and stress scale dass21 as a screener. Pdf the psychometrics properties of the short version of depression anxiety stress scales dass21. Depression, anxiety and stress scale 21 items dass21 the depression, anxiety and stress scale 21 items dass21 is a set of three selfreport scales designed to measure the emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. Total dass21 scores as well as the dass subscale for depression were. The depression anxiety stress scales dass is available in 42 and 21item versions with a 4point, likerttype response scale. In this study, the authors focused on the effort of translating the dass21 into bahasa malaysia bm and eventually validated this version. The dass 21 has 21 items if you are under time pressure. Depression, anxiety and stress among undergraduate. The total for each column is the score for that trait. Read online depression, anxiety and stress scale dass21 book pdf free download link book now. Validation of dass21 among nursing and midwifery students. Dass 21 has been validated in a number of populations such as hispanic adults, american, british and australian. The depression subscale of the dass21 is reported to have a sensitivity of 57.
Before interpreting the scores, the summed numbers in each. Dass 21 scoring and interpretation add together the scores in each subscale depression, anxiety and stress before interpreting the scores, the summed numbers in each subscale need to be multiplied by 2 this is because the dass 21 is the short form of the scale. Did not apply to me at all applied to me to some degree, or some of the time. The findings show that the dass21 is psychometrically sound with good reliability and validity. Depression anxiety stress scales short form dass21. Depression, anxiety and stress scale 21 items dass 21 the depression, anxiety and stress scale 21 items dass 21 is a set of three selfreport scales designed to measure the emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. To validate the psychometric properties of dass 21 among nursing and midwifery students. Depression, anxiety and stress scale dass21 pdf book. The dass21 has 21 items if you are under time pressure. Psychometric properties of the depression anxiety stress scales21. The scoring of 21 item requires the users to time 2 of total score 21 item to suit the original 42item.
Depression anxiety and stress scale dass the dass is a 42item questionnaire which includes three selfreport scales designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. Results suggest that the internal consistency, and convergent and divergent validity of the dass21 are similar across racial groups. This site is like a library, you could find million book here by using search box in the header. Reliability, convergent validity and factor structure of.
It is clear from the literature that the dass 21 is. The dass 21 was administered to 47 patients at intake and shortly after inpatient detoxification. Pdf the depression, anxiety and stress scale dass21 as a. It is clear from the literature that the dass21 is. Please read each statement and circle a number 0, 1, 2 or 3 which indicates how much the statement applied to you over the past week. To confirm the construct validity of the depression anxiety stress scales21 dass21 by investigating the fit of published factor structures in a sample of adults with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury posttraumatic amnesia 24 hours. These authors found the dass to be a valid screening instrument for. First, dass 21 subset scores significantly relate to clinical markers of copd and disease severity such as dyspnea, exercise capacity, quality of life, and older age. The dass21 was chosen because it appears to be a reliable and easy to administer measure, ideal for both clinical and research purposes. In the original dass 21, the abbreviation eg is used for for example. Pdf using the depression anxiety stress scale 21 dass. Dass 21 as a screening instrument for depression and anxiety in a rural communitybased cohort of northern vietnamese women thach duc tran1,2,3, tuan tran1 and jane fisher2,3 abstract background.
Dass for children and adolescents depression anxiety stress scale dass. The findings show that the dass 21 is psychometrically sound with good reliability and validity. Jun 25, 2018 the depression anxiety and stress scale dass is a promising tool compared with traditional measures because of its greater divergent validity. A guide to the depression, anxiety and stress scale dass 21 by fernando gomez consultant clinical psychologist introduction the dass 21 is a 21 item self report questionnaire designed to measure the severity of a range of symptoms common to both depression and anxiety. This study provides descriptive data for a cohort of 155 autistic adults mean age 27. Dass 42 score sheet enter each score from the questionnaire into the first two columns. Participants were aged between 16 and 71 years and were engaged in a specialist rehabilitation program. Depression and anxiety are recognised increasingly as serious public health problems among women in low and lowermiddle income countries. The depression anxiety and stress scale dass is a promising tool compared with traditional measures because of its greater divergent validity.
The depression, anxiety and stress scale dass21 as a screener for depression in substance use. The dass 21 scores are multiplied by two so that you can compare. No values were reported for the responsiveness of the dass21 for the sci population. The data best fit henry and crawfords quadripartite model, which comprised a depression. In this psytoolkit version, for example is used, because not everybody might now the abbreviation eg which is predominantly used in. Pdf dass for children and adolescents 1 running head. This dass 21 depression anxiety stress scale test evaluates the severity of mental disorder symptoms associated to the three and provides a mild, moderate or severe result. Translation, validation and psychometric properties of bahasa. Unlike the original dass42, the dass21 version still lacks validation studies particularly in asian populations. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. Objectives to assess the internal consistency, latent structure and convergent validity of the depression, anxiety and stress scale21 dass21 among adolescents in vietnam.
Dass, the depression anxiety stress scales, is made up of 42 selfreport items to be completed over five to ten minutes, each reflecting a negative emotional symptom. The dass is a set of three selfreport scales designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. Method an anonymous, selfcompleted questionnaire was conducted among 1,745 high school students in hanoi, vietnam between october, 20 and january, 2014. A guide to the depression, anxiety and stress scale dass 21 by fernando gomez consultant clinical psychologist introduction the dass 21 is a 21 item self report questionnaire designed to measure the severity of a range of symptoms common to both depression and.
Lovibond and lovibond 34, dass21 authors, intended to develop an. No values were reported for the responsiveness of the dass 21 for the sci population. See all books authored by ram dass, including be here now, and journey of awakening. Each of the three scales contains 14 items, divided into subscales of 25 items with similar content. Validation of the depression, anxiety and stress scale. In the original dass21, the abbreviation eg is used for for example. Download depression, anxiety and stress scale dass21 book pdf free download link or read online here in pdf.
With respect to the source of stressors, the top ten stressors chosen by the students were mainly academic and personal factors 9. Depression anxiety stress scale21 dass21 spinal cord. Validation of the depression, anxiety and stress scaledass21 in a community sample of portuguese pregnant women author links open overlay panel s. Pdf using the depression anxiety stress scale 21 dass21.
The dass 21 was chosen because it appears to be a reliable and easy to administer measure, ideal for both clinical and research purposes. Add up the number in the first column of the office use only. In this study, the authors focused on the effort of translating the dass 21 into bahasa malaysia bm and eventually validated this version. Depression anxiety and stress scale dass21, and in particular, to assess whether stress as indexed. Pdf the dass21 is a wellestablished instrument for measuring. Please read each statement and circle a number, 0, 1, 2 or 3 which indicates how much the statement applied to you over the past week. Although depression and anxiety are the most common comorbidities in individuals with autism spectrum disorder asd, descriptive data for their prevalence among autistic adults are limited. Furthermore, differences between dass 21 scores at intake and those recorded one week after inpatient detoxification were assessed in order to determine the measurement point of the assessment of the dass 21 leading to the best predictive validity. This finding is in agreement with previous studies associating depression, and anxiety and stress, with impaired quality of life, that is, a populationbased study of patients. The depression, anxiety and stress scale dass21 as a.
A guide to the depression, anxiety and stress scale dass 21. In order to have comparible scores, the sum of the dass21 is multiplied by 2. A guide to the depression, anxiety and stress scale dass 21 by fernando gomez consultant clinical psychologist. Validity and responsiveness of the depression anxiety stress. Full list of author information is available at the end of the article. Hence, the necessity to revalidate the dass21 instrument prior to the study in order to ensure that the instrument is valid for the intended population. Unlike the original dass 42, the dass 21 version still lacks validation studies particularly in asian populations. The university of new south wales in australia developed a questionnaire to measure all three of them using one questionnaire, known as dass.
Therefore, in this study, we aim to focus on the validity and reliability of the malay version of dass21 malaydass21 among male outpatient clinic attendees in johor. Multigroup cfa, however, indicated that item loadings were invariant. In order to have comparible scores, the sum of the dass 21 is multiplied by 2. Depression, anxiety and stress scale dass21 for each statement below, please circle the number in the column that best represents how you have been feeling in the last week. First, dass21 subset scores significantly relate to clinical markers of copd and disease severity such as dyspnea, exercise capacity, quality of life, and older age. The dass21 scores are multiplied by two so that you can.
Translation, validation and psychometric properties of. Dass21 has been validated in a number of populations such as hispanic adults, american, british and australian. Archival data from 504 patient records at the brain injury rehabilitation unit at liverpool hospital, australia. Dass 21 name date please read each statement and circle a number 0, 1, 2 or 3 which indicates how much the statement applied to you over the past week. Narrative summary of findings heres an example of how you might document the above findings. Validation of the depression anxiety stress scales dass 21 as a. It is a selfreport measure providing a total score as well as subscores for depression, anxiety, and stress. Psychometric analysis across four racial groups peter j. Depression anxiety stress scales short form dass21 instructions. Apr 02, 2014 the depression anxiety stress scales dass is available in 42 and 21item versions with a 4point, likerttype response scale. Construct validity and internal consistency reliability of. Informed consent was obtained from the participants after the nature of the procedure was fully explained. Validity and responsiveness of the depression anxiety. The depression subscale of the dass 21 is reported to have a sensitivity of 57.